UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) |X| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2002 ------------------------------------------------- or [_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to ----------------------- ---------------------- Commission file number: --------------------------------------------------------- ACTIVE POWER, INC. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 74-2961657 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 11525 Stonehollow Dr., Suite 110, Austin, Texas 78758 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (512) 836-6464 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X] Yes [_] No APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS: Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. The number of shares of common stock as of March 31, 2002 was 40,990,798 with a par value of $.001 per share. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVE POWER, INC. INDEX PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION............................................. 1 Item 1. Financial Statements............................................... 1 BALANCE SHEETS........................................................ 1 STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS............................................... 2 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS............................................... 3 Notes to Financial Statements......................................... 4 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.............................................. 6 Liquidity and Capital Resources....................................... 10 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk............ 10 Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results........................... 12 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk......... 19 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION................................................ 20 Item 1. Legal Proceedings.................................................. 20 Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds.......................... 20 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.................................... 20 Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders................ 20 Item 5. Other Information.................................................. 20 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K................................... 20 i
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements. ACTIVE POWER, INC. BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands) March 31, December 31, 2002 2001 ----------- ------------ (unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 74,567 $ 80,401 Accounts receivable, net 2,741 1,723 Inventories, net 7,763 7,869 Prepaid expenses and other 1,002 714 ----------- ------------ Total current assets 86,073 90,707 Property and equipment, net 16,149 16,965 Long-term investments 29,344 31,704 ----------- ------------ Total assets $ 131,566 $ 139,376 =========== ============ LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 2,228 $ 4,530 Accrued expenses 2,925 3,116 ----------- ------------ Total liabilities 5,153 7,646 Stockholders' equity: Common Stock 41 41 Treasury stock (2) (2) Deferred stock compensation (1,788) (2,575) Additional paid-in capital 214,967 214,637 Accumulated deficit (87,231) (80,692) Other accumulated comprehensive income 426 321 ----------- ------------ Total stockholders' equity 126,413 131,730 ----------- ------------ Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 131,566 $ 139,376 =========== ============ See accompanying notes 1
ACTIVE POWER, INC. STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) Three Months Ended March 31, 2002 2001 -------- -------- (unaudited) (unaudited) Revenues: Product revenue $ 3,131 $ 5,107 Development contract 1,000 - ----------- ----------- Total revenue $ 4,131 $ 5,107 Operating expenses: Cost of product revenue 4,471 6,513 Cost of development contract 741 - Research and development 2,611 3,543 Selling, general & administrative 3,143 2,741 Amortization of deferred stock compensation 628 1,287 ----------- ----------- Total operating expenses 11,594 14,084 Operating loss (7,463) (8,977) Interest income 905 2,238 Other income (expense) 19 24 ----------- ----------- Net loss to common stockholders $ (6,539) $ (6,715) =========== =========== Net loss per share, basic & diluted $ (0.16) $ (0.17) Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic & diluted 40,846,577 38,906,882 Comprehensive income (loss): Net loss $ (6,539) $ (6,715) Unrealized gain/loss - investments 105 - ----------- ----------- Comprehensive income (loss) $ (6,434) $ (6,715) =========== =========== See accompanying notes 2
ACTIVE POWER, INC. STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, ---------------------------- 2002 2001 --------- -------- (unaudited) (unaudited) Operating activities Net loss $ (6,539) $ (6,715) Adjustment to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: Depreciation expense 937 500 Amortization of deferred stock compensation 628 1,287 Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments 105 - Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net (1,018) (1,714) Inventories, net 108 (1,689) Prepaid expenses and other assets (288) (653) Accounts payable (2,302) 704 Accrued expenses (191) (71) --------- -------- Net cash used in operating activities (8,560) (8,351) Investing activities Net maturity (purchase) of short-term investments 2,361 16,603 Purchases of property and equipment (122) (1,549) --------- -------- Net cash provided by investing activities 2,239 15,054 Financing activities Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 487 700 --------- ---------- Net cash provided by financing activities 487 700 --------- ---------- Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (5,834) 7,403 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 80,401 92,720 --------- ---------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 74,567 $ 100,123 ========= ========== See accompanying notes. 3
Active Power, Inc. Notes to Financial Statements March 31, 2002 (unaudited) 1. Organization Active Power, Inc. was founded in 1992 for the purpose of developing and commercializing advances in the field of electromechanics. Prior to 2000, we devoted our efforts principally to research and development, pursuing patent protection for intellectual property, successful production of our initial prototypes, raising capital and pursuing markets for our flywheel-based power quality and energy storage products. In 2000 and 2001, we expanded the size and scope of our operations considerably. We raised our level of new product development expenditures, increased our manufacturing capabilities and capacity, and added resources in sales and service to strengthen our distribution channels. 2. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2001. In the opinion of management the financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for any other interim period or for the full year. 3. Inventory Active Power states inventories at the lower of cost or replacement cost, with cost being determined on a standard cost basis, which does not differ materially from actual cost. Inventories consist of the following: March 31, December 31, 2002 2001 ------------ ------------ Raw materials................. $ 4,579,495 $ 4,326,357 Work in process............... 3,657,318 3,923,040 Finished goods................ 596,593 190,718 Less Reserves................. (1,070,756) (570,756) ------------ ------------ $ 7,762,650 $ 7,869,359 ============ ============ During the quarter ended March 31, 2002 we increased our inventory reserve to recognize the potential obsolescence of component parts that are at risk of becoming obsolete when various 4
engineering product enhancements and cost reduction design changes are implemented over the next 12 months. 4. Capital Structure The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share: Three Months Ended March 31, ---------------------------- 2002 2001 ---- ---- Net loss to common stockholders (thousands) ................... $ (6,539) $ (6,715) Basic and diluted: Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding ............................................ 40,920,118 39,262,431 Weighted-average shares of common stock subject to repurchase .................................. (73,541) (355,549) ---------- ---------- Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share ............................................ 40,846,577 38,906,882 ========== ========== Basic and diluted net loss per share .......................... $ (0.16) $ (0.17) ========== ========== 5
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and within our Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2001. This report contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that involve risks and uncertainties. Our expectations with respect to future results of operations that may be embodied in oral and written forward-looking statements, including any forward looking statements that may be included in this report, are subject to risks and uncertainties that must be considered when evaluating the likelihood of our realization of such expectations. Our actual results could differ materially. The words "believe," "expect," "intend," "plan," "project," "will" and similar phrases as they relate to us are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Among the important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially include: the potential for significant losses to continue; inability to accurately predict revenue and budget for expenses for future periods; fluctuations in revenue and operating results; overall market performance; a slowing global economy; limited product lines; inability to manufacture products of the quality necessary to be accepted in the power quality market; inability to expand our distribution channels; our dependence on our relationship with Caterpillar; inability to successfully integrate new OEM channel partners; competition; delays in research and development; inability to increase sales volumes to fully utilize our increased manufacturing capacity; inventory risks; risks of delay or poor execution from a variety of sources; limited resources; dependence upon key personnel; inability to protect our intellectual property rights; potential future acquisitions; and the volatility of our stock price. The discussion below addresses some of these factors. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us. Overview We design, manufacture and market power quality products that provide the consistent, reliable electric power required by today's digital economy. We believe that we are the first company to commercialize a flywheel energy storage system that provides a highly reliable, low-cost and non-toxic replacement for lead-acid batteries used in conventional power quality installations. Leveraging our expertise in this technology and in conjunction with Caterpillar Inc., the leading maker of engine generators for the power reliability market, we have developed a battery-free uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which is marketed under the Caterpillar brand name as the Cat(R) UPS. We have also developed a battery-free DC system that is compatible with all major UPS brands, CleanSource2 DC. We sell our CleanSource2 DC products through Powerware, an original equipment manufacturer, or OEM. Our products are sold for use in the facilities of companies in many different industries that all share a critical need for reliable, high-quality power, such as plastic manufacturers, semiconductor manufacturers, hospitals, credit card processing centers, broadcasters, advanced data centers, and electric utilities. Since 1996, we have focused our efforts and financial resources primarily on the design and development of our CleanSource(R) line of power quality products and on establishing effective OEM channels to market our products (CleanSource2 DC and CleanSource UPS). As of March 31, 2002, we had generated an accumulated deficit of $87.2 million and expect to continue to sustain operating losses for the next several quarters. We initially funded our operations primarily through sales of shares of preferred stock, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $42.6 million. We believe the proceeds from our August 2000 initial public 6
offering, approximately $138.4 million net of commissions and issuance costs, together with cash balances on hand prior to August 2000 will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements through at least the next 24 months. Our cash and investments position at March 31, 2002 was $103.9 million. Since our inception, a small number of customers have accounted for the majority of our annual sales. During 1999, our four largest customers accounted for 89% of our sales, with our largest customer, Caterpillar and its dealer network, accounting for 39%. In 2000 and 2001, our business level with Caterpillar and its dealer network grew substantially, accounting for 96% and 87%, respectively, of our revenue due to the commercial introduction of the CleanSource(R) UPS product line. We expect to continue to be dependent on a few OEM customers, primarily Caterpillar, for the majority of our sales for the foreseeable future. Since the commercial release of the CleanSource UPS in May 2000 under the Caterpillar brand name, the demand for our products has increased significantly. To address this growth in demand and to position us for anticipated future growth, we increased the scale of our operations in the following ways: o Expanded our manufacturing facilities and added manufacturing personnel to address increases in product demand; o Increased our personnel levels in product development and engineering to accelerate time to market on new products and enhance existing product lines; and o Added sales, service and marketing personnel to support our OEM customers and accelerate our other sales efforts. Although these efforts have increased our operating expenses, we believe they are necessary to enable us to realize significant revenue growth. Critical Accounting Policies We believe the following list represents our critical accounting policies: Revenue recognition. We recognize product revenue when title transfers and our obligations are complete, usually when a unit is shipped. We recognize product revenue related to units shipped for evaluation by the customer at the time the customer accepts the unit. We recognize development funding revenue as we achieve development milestones specified in the respective agreements. Bad debt. We estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on factors related to the credit risk of each customer. Credit losses have not been significant to date. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Inventories. We state inventories at the lower of cost or replacement cost, with cost being determined on a standard cost basis, which does not differ materially from actual cost. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Warranty costs. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While we engage in product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred 7
in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability may be required. Results of Operations Product revenue. Product revenue primarily consists of sales of our CleanSource line of power quality products. Sales decreased $2.0 million, or 39%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002, from $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. We believe this decrease was primarily attributable to a significant reduction in the market for capital equipment due, in large part, to the overall economic slowdown that has taken place in the United States and globally. In the three months ended March 31, 2002, we sold 54 quarter-megawatt flywheel units, while we sold 101 quarter-megawatt flywheel units for the same period of 2001. The majority of the units shipped in both periods were sold to our CleanSource UPS OEM, Caterpillar. Development contract revenue. Development contract revenue primarily consists of funding paid to us by Caterpillar. In 1999 we entered into an agreement with Caterpillar to develop the Cat UPS. As part of that agreement Caterpillar provided us with $5.0 million in funding for the successful completion of several development milestones. In September 2001 we signed an extension to our development agreement with Caterpillar to expand the Cat UPS product line. The extension calls for an additional $5.0 million in funding upon successful completion of certain development milestones. In December 2001 we completed the first milestone and collected $1.0 million, and in January 2002 we completed a second milestone and collected another $1.0 million. There was no development contract revenue recorded in the first quarter of 2001. Cost of product revenue. Cost of product revenue includes the cost of component parts of our product that are sourced from suppliers, personnel, equipment and other costs associated with our assembly and test operations, shipping costs, and the costs of manufacturing support functions such as logistics and quality assurance. Cost of product revenue decreased $2.0 million, or 31%, to $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002, from $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. This decrease was primarily due to the lower sales activity in 2002 compared to the same period of 2001, which we believe was due to the overall economic slowdown. In anticipation of future demand for our products, we have significantly expanded our manufacturing capacity by increasing our manufacturing facilities, which has increased our fixed manufacturing expense base. This increase will adversely impact our gross margins until production volumes increase enough to cover these added costs. While our variable product margin (sales less materials and direct labor) was positive in 2001 and the first quarter of 2002, our overall product margin was negative due, in large part, to the underutilization of our indirect manufacturing costs. Over time we believe gross margins will improve as we increase product volumes, achieve greater economies of scale in production and in purchasing component parts, and introduce additional engineering design savings. Cost of development contract. Cost of development contract primarily consists of engineering expenses incurred related to the joint development process with Caterpillar, through which we receive development funding. For the three months ended March 31, 2002, we incurred $741,000 in development contract expenses. We had no development contract expenses for the same period in 2001. The margins we achieve in our development funding activities can 8
vary considerably depending on the difficulty of each development milestone, the level of contract development we purchase from third parties, and level of materials purchased. Research and development. Research and development expense primarily consists of compensation and related costs of employees engaged in research, development and engineering activities, third party consulting and development activities, as well as an allocated portion of our occupancy costs. Research and development expense decreased $0.9 million, or 26%, to $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002, from $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. The decrease in research and development expense was driven by two principal factors. The first factor was a phase down of spending on our low power telecom development project. Although many of the internal resources committed to this project have been redirected to other new product initiatives, such as our high power UPS product line extension, the external funding associated with this project has been eliminated, thereby reducing our overall spending levels. The second factor was the separation of costs associated with the development of our high power UPS product line extension. These costs have been separated from R&D and recorded as a separate line on the income statement, called "cost of development contracts" (see above). The impact this separate accounting for the cost of development contracts has on what is reported as R&D spending will vary according to the level of activity and assignment of personnel on development contract projects. We believe that research and development expenses will remain flat for the foreseeable future, but will decrease as a percentage of sales over time as revenue increases. Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense is primarily comprised of compensation and related costs for sales, service, marketing and administrative personnel, selling and marketing expenses, professional fees, and for product warranty and bad debt costs and reserves. Selling, general and administrative expense increased approximately $0.4 million, or 15%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002, from $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. The increase in selling, general and administrative expense was principally due to increased personnel in our sales, service and marketing organizations to support our OEM channel partners' sales and service ramp up. We believe that selling, general and administrative expense will increase in future periods as we add sales, and service personnel and costs to position us for anticipated future sales growth. Amortization of deferred stock compensation. Deferred stock compensation is a non-cash expense that reflects the difference between the exercise price of option grants to employees and the estimated fair value determined subsequently by us of our common stock at the date of grant. We are amortizing deferred stock compensation as an operating expense over the vesting periods of the applicable options, which resulted in amortization expense of $628,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. We expect this amortization expense to decrease in the future, as the options for which we are amortizing this expense become fully vested and, to a lesser extent, as some employees to whom these options were granted leave the company and any unvested options are canceled. Interest income. Interest income decreased $1.3 million to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002, from $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. This decrease is attributable to two factors. First, there was a decrease in our average cash and investments balance for the three-month period of 2002 of $105.1 million compared to an average cash and investments balance of $140.6 million for the first quarter of 2001. Second, the average rate of return on our investments dropped significantly from the first quarter of 2001 to 9
the same period in 2002, as interest rates in the financial markets have declined over the past year. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal source of liquidity as of March 31, 2002 consisted of $103.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and investments. In August 2000, we completed a successful initial public offering, raising approximately $138.4 million, net of commissions and issuance expenses. This is in addition to our private financing efforts, including the sale of shares of our preferred stock, which have resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $42.6 million, and $7.0 million in development funding received from Caterpillar since 1999. During the three months ended March 31, 2002, cash used by operating activities remained relatively flat at $8.6 million, compared to $8.4 million of cash used by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2001. Capital expenditures were $122,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2001. Our expenditures in 2001 were primarily attributable to the increase in our manufacturing capacity, including several new product test lines and leasehold improvements for our new manufacturing facility. In 2002 our expenditures were limited to leasehold improvements to our engineering testing facilities and other general computer equipment and software for administrative purposes. We expect to incur approximately $2.0 to $3.0 million in additional capital expenditures in 2002 primarily on additional engineering lab equipment and improvements, demonstration units, and general computer equipment and software for manufacturing, engineering and administrative purposes. We believe our existing cash balance at March 31, 2002 will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements through at least the next 24 months, although we might elect to seek additional funding prior to that time. Beyond the next 24 months, our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of sales growth, the market acceptance of our products, the timing and level of development funding, the rate of expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the rate of expansion of our manufacturing facilities, and the timing and extent of research and development projects. Although we are not a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to a potential acquisition, we may enter into acquisitions or strategic arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly since the majority of our investments are in short-term instruments. We believe that our investment policy is conservative, both in terms of the average maturity of investments that we allow and in terms of the credit quality of the investments we hold. We estimate that a 1% decrease in market interest rates would decrease our interest income by $1.0 million. Because of the short-term nature of the majority of our investments, we do not believe a 1% decline in interest rates would have a material effect on their fair value. 10
We invest our cash in a variety of financial instruments, including bank time deposits, and taxable variable rate and fixed rate obligations of corporations, municipalities, and local, state and national government entities and agencies. These investments are denominated in U.S. dollars. 11
Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results In addition to the other information in this Form 10-Q, the following factors should be considered in evaluating Active Power and our business. These factors include, but are not limited to the potential for significant losses to continue; inability to accurately predict revenue and budget for expenses for future periods; fluctuations in revenue and operating results; overall market performance; a slowing global economy; limited product lines; inability to manufacture products of the quality necessary to be accepted in the power quality market; inability to expand our distribution channels; our dependence on our relationship with Caterpillar; inability to successfully integrate new OEM channel partners; competition; delays in research and development; inability to increase sales volumes to fully utilize our increased manufacturing capacity; inventory risks; risks of delay or poor execution from a variety of sources; limited resources; dependence upon key personnel; inability to protect our intellectual property rights; potential future acquisitions; and the volatility of our stock price. The discussion below addresses some of these factors. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us. We have incurred significant losses and anticipate losses for the next several quarters. We have incurred operating losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur losses for the next several quarters. As of March 31, 2002, we had an accumulated deficit of $87.2 million. To date, we have funded our operations principally through the sale of our stock, our product revenue and $7.0 million in development funding payments from Caterpillar. We will need to generate significant additional revenue to achieve profitability, and we cannot assure you that we will ever realize additional revenue at such levels. We also expect to incur significant product development, sales and marketing and administrative expenses and, as a result, we expect to continue to incur losses. Due to our limited operating history and the uncertain market acceptance of our products, we may never achieve significant revenue and may have difficulty accurately predicting revenue for future periods and appropriately budgeting for expenses. We have generated a total of $31.5 million in product revenue since January 1, 1998, and we have sold approximately 600 CleanSource DC and UPS products. We are uncertain whether our products will achieve market acceptance such that our revenue will increase or whether we will be able to achieve significant revenue. Therefore, we have a very limited ability to predict future revenue. Our limited operating experience, the uncertain market acceptance for our products, and other factors that are beyond our control make it difficult for us to accurately forecast our quarterly and annual revenue. However, we use our forecasted revenue to establish our expense budget. Most of our expenses are fixed in the short term or incurred in advance of anticipated revenue. As a result, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any revenue shortfall. Further, we have expanded our staff and facilities and increased our expense levels in anticipation of future revenue growth. If our revenue does not increase as anticipated, we will continue to incur significant losses. Our business is subject to fluctuations in operating results, which could negatively impact the price of our stock. 12
Our product revenue, expense and operating results have varied in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include, among others: o the timing of orders from our customers and the possibility that these customers may change their order requirements with little or no advance notice to us; o the rate of adoption of our flywheel-based energy storage system as an alternative to lead-acid batteries; o the deferral of customer orders in anticipation of new products from us or other providers of power quality systems; o the ongoing need for short-term power outage protection in traditional UPS systems; o the uncertainty regarding the adoption of our current and future products, including our recently introduced CleanSource UPS and CleanSource2 DC products, as well as our other products, which are currently under development; and o the rate of growth of the markets for our products. Our business is dependent on the market for power quality products and the health of the overall economy, and if this market does not expand as we anticipate, if alternatives to our products are successful, or if the downturn in the economy continues to limit capital spending, our business will suffer. The market for power quality products is rapidly evolving and it is difficult to predict its potential size or future growth rate. Most of the organizations that may purchase our products have invested substantial resources in their existing power systems and, as a result, may be reluctant or slow to adopt a new approach. Moreover, our products are alternatives to existing UPS and battery-based systems and may never be accepted by our customers or may be made obsolete by other advances in power quality technologies. Improvements may also be made to the existing alternatives to our products that could render them less desirable or obsolete. Furthermore, our business depends on capital expenditures by organizations, which tend to decrease when the U.S. or global economy slows. Our business has suffered during the recent economic slowdown, and will continue to suffer if the slowdown continues. We have limited product offerings, and our success depends on our ability to develop in a timely manner new and enhanced products that achieve market acceptance. While our products are achieving a more significant operating history at customer sites, our CleanSource2 DC and CleanSource UPS products are relatively new to the marketplace. To grow our revenue, we must rely on Powerware and Caterpillar to successfully market our DC and UPS products, respectively, and we must develop and introduce to the market new products and product enhancements in a timely manner. Even if we are able to develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, they may not achieve market acceptance. This would substantially impair our revenue, profitability and overall financial prospects. Failure to expand our distribution channels and manage our distribution relationships could impede our future growth. The future growth of our business will depend in part on our ability to expand our existing relationships with OEMs, to identify and develop additional channels for the distribution and sale of our products and to manage these relationships. As part of our growth strategy, we intend to expand our relationships with OEMs and to develop relationships with new OEMs. We 13
will also look to identify and develop relationships with additional partners that could serve as distributors for our products. Our inability to successfully execute this strategy and to reduce our reliance on Caterpillar could impede our future growth. We are heavily dependent on our relationship with Caterpillar. If our relationship is unsuccessful, for whatever reason, our business and financial prospects will suffer. If our relationship with Caterpillar is not successful, or if Caterpillar's distribution of the Cat UPS product is not successful, our business and financial prospects will suffer. Pursuant to a development agreement, Caterpillar has provided us with $7.0 million in funding through March 31, 2002, to support the development of the Cat UPS product and other development efforts. In exchange for this payment, Caterpillar received co-ownership of the proprietary rights in this product. Either Caterpillar or we may license to other entities the intellectual property that we jointly own without seeking the consent of the other and the licensing party will solely retain all licensing revenue generated by licensing this intellectual property. However, we may not license the joint intellectual property to specifically identified competitors of Caterpillar until January 1, 2007. Caterpillar may terminate this agreement at any time by giving us 90 days' advance written notice. We also have a distribution agreement with Caterpillar. During 2000 and 2001, our business level with Caterpillar and its dealer network accounted for 96% and 87% of our product revenue, respectively. Pursuant to the distribution agreement with Caterpillar, they are the exclusive distributor, subject to limited exceptions, of our CleanSource UPS product. Caterpillar is not obligated to purchase any CleanSource UPS units. We depend on a limited number of OEM customers for the vast majority of our revenue and service and support functions. The loss or significant reduction in orders, or the failure to provide adequate service and support to the end users of our products, from any key OEM customer, particularly Caterpillar or Powerware, would significantly reduce our revenue. We rely on OEMs as a primary distribution channel because they are able to sell our products to a large number of end user organizations. We further rely on our OEMs to provide service and support to the end users of our products because they have the experience and personnel to perform such activities. We believe that the use of OEM channels will enable our products to achieve broad market penetration, while we devote a limited amount of our resources to sales, marketing and customer service and support. Our operating results in the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of OEM customers, primarily Caterpillar. For example, in 2000 and 2001, our volume of business with Caterpillar and its dealers accounted for 96% and 87% of our product revenue, respectively. Therefore, the loss of our key OEM customer, Caterpillar, or a significant reduction in sales to Caterpillar and its dealers, would significantly reduce our revenue. We have granted Caterpillar semi-exclusive worldwide rights to distribute our UPS product, provided that they meet minimum annual sales requirements. We have also granted Powerware semi-exclusive distribution rights to our CleanSource2 DC product in North America. Because we have entered into exclusive or semi-exclusive agreements for the distribution of our products with a very limited number of OEM customers, the failure of any one of these relationships, particularly Caterpillar or Powerware, could negatively impact our revenue. 14
We have no experience manufacturing our products in the quantities we expect to sell in the future. To be financially successful, we will have to manufacture our products in commercial quantities at acceptable costs while also preserving the quality levels achieved in manufacturing these products in more limited quantities. This presents a number of technological and engineering challenges for us. We have not previously manufactured our products in high volume. We do not know whether or when we will be able to develop efficient, low-cost manufacturing capability and processes that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and product standards or production volumes required to successfully manufacture large quantities of our products. Even if we are successful in developing our manufacturing capability and processes, we do not know whether we will do so in time to meet our product commercialization schedule or to satisfy the requirements of our customers. We expanded our manufacturing facility based on our forecasted sales volumes in the future. If we do not achieve these forecasted sales volumes, we will underutilize our manufacturing capacity and our business will suffer. We recently completed a 127,000 square foot facility used for manufacturing and testing our three-phase product line, including our DC and UPS products. In order for us to fully utilize the capacity of the facility and spread out its associated overhead, we must achieve significantly higher sales volumes. If we do not reach our forecasted sales volumes, our revenue will suffer and our ability to reach profitability will be materially limited. Quality problems relating to one or more of our new or existing products could negatively impact the market's acceptance of our products and cause us to miss our revenue goals and/or to incur significant liability. Because of the nature of the power quality and reliability market, quality problems attributable to the CleanSource DC or UPS product lines could significantly affect the market's perception of our technology and slow or limit their acceptance. This would substantially impair our revenue prospects. Moreover, quality problems for our product lines could cause us to delay or cease shipments of products, or recall products, thus impairing our revenue or cost targets. In addition, while we seek to limit our liability as a result of product failures or defects through warranty and other limitations, if one of our products fails then a customer could suffer a significant loss and seek to hold us responsible for that loss. We are subject to increased inventory risks and costs because we outsource the manufacturing of components of our products in advance of binding commitments from our customers to purchase our products. To assure the availability of our products to our OEM customers, we outsource the manufacturing of components prior to the receipt of purchase orders from OEM customers based on their forecasts of their product needs. However, these forecasts do not represent binding purchase commitments, and we do not recognize revenue for such products until the product is shipped to the OEM. As a result, we incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated revenue. As demand for our products may not materialize, this product delivery method subjects us to increased risks of high inventory carrying costs, obsolescence and excess, and may increase our operating costs. In addition, we may from time to time make design changes to our products, which could lead to obsolescence of inventory. 15
We depend on sole source and limited source suppliers for certain key components, and if we are unable to buy these components on a timely basis, our delayed ability to deliver our products to our customers may result in reduced revenue and lost sales. We purchase a power module and a microprocessor for our products from sole source suppliers. As a result, if our suppliers receive excess demand for their products, we may receive a low priority for order fulfillment as large volume customers will receive priority. If we are delayed in acquiring components for our products, the manufacture and shipment of our products also will be delayed. We are, however, trying to enter into long-term agreements with our sole suppliers and other key suppliers, using a rolling sales volume forecast to stabilize component availability. Our power module supplier currently maintains a buffer stock and, our microprocessor demand is covered by purchase orders for the next two quarters. Lead times for ordering materials and components vary significantly and depend on factors such as specific supplier requirements, contract terms, the extensive production time required and current market demand for such components. Some of these delays may be substantial. As a result, we purchase these components in large quantities to protect our ability to deliver finished products. If we overestimate our component requirements, we may have excess inventory, which will increase our costs. If we underestimate our component requirements, we will have inadequate inventory, which will delay our manufacturing and render us unable to deliver products to customers on scheduled delivery dates. If we are unable to obtain a component from a supplier or if the price of a component has increased substantially, we may be required to manufacture the component internally, which will result in delays. Manufacturing delays could negatively impact our ability to sell our products and could damage our customer relationships. We depend on key personnel to manage our business and develop new products in a rapidly changing market, and if we are unable to retain our current personnel and hire additional personnel, our ability to develop and sell our products could be impaired. We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. There is a limited supply of skilled employees in the power quality marketplace. If we are unable to retain the personnel we currently employ, or if we are unable to quickly replace departing employees, our operations and new product development may suffer. We are a relatively small company with limited resources compared to some of our current and potential competitors, and competition within our markets may limit our sales growth. The markets for power quality and power reliability are intensely competitive. There are many companies engaged in all areas of traditional and alternative UPS and backup systems in the United States and abroad, including, among others, major electric and specialized electronics firms, as well as universities, research institutions and foreign government-sponsored companies. There are many companies that are developing flywheel-based energy storage systems and flywheel-based power quality systems. We also compete indirectly with companies that are developing other types of power technologies, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, ultra-capacitors and dynamic voltage restorers. Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources, broader name recognition and a larger customer base than we have. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with our existing and potential customers. They also may be able to adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can to ours, which 16
would allow them to respond more quickly than us to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. In addition, some of our current and potential competitors have established supplier or joint development relationships with our current or potential customers. These competitors may be able to leverage their existing relationships to discourage these customers from purchasing products from us or to persuade them to replace our products with their products. Increased competition could decrease our prices, reduce our sales, lower our margins, or decrease our market share. These and other competitive pressures could prevent us from competing successfully against current or future competitors and could materially harm our business. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, we may be unable to compete. Our products rely on our proprietary technology, and we expect that future technological advancements made by us will be critical to sustain market acceptance of our products. Therefore, we believe that the protection of our intellectual property rights is, and will continue to be, important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where applicable laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. In addition, the measures we undertake may not be sufficient to adequately protect our proprietary technology and may not preclude competitors from independently developing products with functionality or features similar to those of our products. Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may cause us to become involved in costly and lengthy litigation, which could seriously harm our business. In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights. We have recently been named in a lawsuit that we describe in further detail in "Legal Proceedings" below. We may become involved in additional litigation in the future to protect our intellectual property or defend allegations of infringement asserted by others. Legal proceedings, including the lawsuit in which we were recently named as a defendant, could subject us to significant liability for damages or invalidate our intellectual property rights. Any litigation, regardless of its outcome, would likely be time consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management's time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to take specific actions, including: o cease selling our products that use the challenged intellectual property; o obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology or trademark, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or o redesign those products that use infringing intellectual property or cease to use an infringing trademark. 17
Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition. Although we are not currently negotiating any material business or technology acquisitions, as part of our growth strategy, we intend to review opportunities to acquire other businesses or technologies that would complement our current products, expand the breadth of our markets or enhance our technical capabilities. We have no experience in making acquisitions. Acquisitions entail a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results, including: o problems integrating the acquired operations, technologies or products with our existing business and products; o potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of our management; o difficulties in retaining business relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired companies; o difficulties in coordinating and integrating overall business strategies, sales and marketing, and research and development efforts; o the maintenance of corporate cultures, controls, procedures and policies; o risks associated with entering markets in which we lack prior experience; and o potential loss of key employees. We may require substantial additional funds in the future to finance our product development and commercialization plans. Our product development and commercialization schedule could be delayed if we are unable to fund our research and development activities or the development of our manufacturing capabilities with our revenue, cash on hand and proceeds from our initial public offering. We expect that our current cash and investments, together with our other available sources of working capital, will be sufficient to fund development activities for at least 24 months. However, unforeseen delays or difficulties in these activities could increase costs and exhaust our resources prior to the full commercialization of our products under development. We do not know whether we will be able to secure additional funding, or funding on terms acceptable to us, to continue our operations as planned. If financing is not available, we may be required to reduce, delay or eliminate certain activities or to license or sell to others some of our proprietary technology. Provisions in our charter documents and of Delaware law, and provisions in our agreements with Caterpillar, could prevent, delay or impede a change in control of our company and may depress the market price of our common stock. Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable. We also are subject to the anti-takeover laws of the State of Delaware, which may further discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us. In addition, our agreement with Caterpillar for the distribution of CleanSource UPS provides that Caterpillar may terminate the agreement in the event we are acquired or undergo a change in control. The possible loss of our most significant customer could be a significant deterrent to possible acquirors and may substantially limit the number of possible acquirors. All of these factors may decrease the likelihood that we would be acquired, which may depress the market price of our common stock. 18
Our stock price may be volatile. Since January 1, 2001, the market price of our common stock has fluctuated between $3.13 and $31.50 per share. The market price of our common stock can be expected to fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following: o actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; o changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or our failure to perform in line with such estimates; o changes in market valuations of other technology companies, particularly those that sell products used in power quality systems; o announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; o introduction of technologies or product enhancements that reduce the need for flywheel energy storage systems; o the loss of one or more key OEM customers; and o departures of key personnel. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk This information is included in the section captioned "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 19
ACTIVE POWER, INC. PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings. On March 25, 2002, we, along with Joseph F. Pinkerton, III, our chairman and chief executive officer, Pinkerton Generator, Inc. (a corporation in which Mr. Pinkerton was an officer, director and the primary shareholder), and Caterpillar Inc. were named as defendants in a complaint filed in Michigan state court in the Circuit Court for the County of Wayne. The plaintiffs, Magnex Corporation, Enigma Corporation and Bergeron Corporation, and their individual principals, are seeking damages for: the alleged breach of a joint venture agreement dated June 23, 1989, which was entered into by and among Pinkerton Generator, Inc., Magnex Corp. and Enigma Corp.; the breach of fiduciary duties; the misappropriation of trade secrets; and the commission of other torts relating to this joint venture. Neither Active Power nor any of its predecessors in interest was a party to the joint venture agreement. A First Amended Complaint was filed on April 16, 2002. We were not served with the Original Complaint and Amended Complaint until April 19, 2002. This proceeding is at a very early stage and while we are still investigating this matter and have yet to respond, both we and Mr. Pinkerton believe the claims have no merit, deny the allegations in the complaint and intend to defend ourselves vigorously. Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds. During the first quarter of 2002, we issued an aggregate of 246,050 shares of our common stock pursuant to exercises of stock options that were granted prior to August 7, 2000 with exercise prices ranging from $0.16 to $1.85 per share. These issuances were deemed exempt from registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933 in reliance upon Rule 701 thereunder and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates issued in each such transaction. Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities. Not applicable. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. Not applicable. Item 5. Other Information. On March 26, 2002 Benjamin Scott was elected to our board of directors as a Class I director. He shall serve until the company's 2004 annual meeting of stockholders, or until his successor has been duly elected and qualified. This appointment increases our total number of directors to seven. Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K. Not applicable. 20
SIGNATURES* Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. ACTIVE POWER, INC. (Registrant) May 13, 2002 /s/ Joseph F. Pinkerton, III ----------------------------------------------------- (Date) Joseph F. Pinkerton, III Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) May 13, 2002 /s/ David S. Gino ----------------------------------------------------- (Date) David S. Gino Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)